气候变化和生态建设对秦岭—淮河南北植被动态的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李双双  张玉凤  汪成博  王婷  延军平 《地理科学进展》2021,40(6):1026-1036

论文基于2000—2019年秦岭—淮河南北MODIS-NDVI植被覆盖数据,对中国南北过渡带植被时空变化进行分析,并探讨植被动态变化驱动因素。结果表明：① 在趋势变化上,2000—2019年秦岭—淮河南北植被显著恢复。其中,秦巴山区植被恢复面积占比最高,其次是巫山山区和关中平原;植被退化区面积占比仅为6.4%,主要分布于长三角城市群。② 在气候因素上,NDVI变化与气温显著相关(P<0.05)面积占比为9.1%,低于降水(13.1%)和日照时数(14.5%)显著区域,无显著相关区域分布面积最广,说明在关键生长季(5—9月),区域水热条件较好,植被年际波动受气候变化影响区域较少。③ 在驱动因素上,受气候因素和生态建设驱动绿化占比分别为19.2%和30.0%,其中,生态建设驱动绿化区与秦巴山区、大别山生态修复工程,川东、长江中下游撂荒地空间格局一致,说明耕地转为生态用地是区域植被快速恢复的主要原因。研究结果对量化湿润—半湿润地区植被驱动因素,优化生态建设评估模型具有启示意义。  相似文献   

2000—2019年秦岭南北实际蒸散发时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李双双  张玉凤  张立伟  王婷  延军平 《地理科学进展》2021,40(11):1900-1910

基于遥感数据全面认识复杂地形单元实际蒸散发时空规律,对区域可持续水资源管理具有重要的意义。论文基于MODIS实际蒸散发(ET)数据,对2000—2019年秦岭南北ET时空变化特征进行分析,探究不同分区ET对植被变化的响应关系,进而识别ET趋势和年代变化的高相关海气环流因素。结果表明：① 在变化趋势上,以1000 m等高线为界,即秦岭地区北亚热带和山地暖温带的分界线,低海拔河谷地带为ET显著增加区,山地高海拔地区为ET下降区;② 除城市、乡镇周边地区,研究期间秦岭南北下垫面相对稳定,转为生态用地的活跃区主要分布在山地1000 m过渡带,其是ET与NDVI变化显著相关区,而1000 m以上高海拔地区两者相关性较低;③ ENSO、青藏高原北部气压异常,与秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET的趋势变化和年代波动显著相关,而西太平洋副热带高压与ET的趋势显著相关,与年代波动特征相关较弱。即发生中部型厄尔尼诺事件时,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,对流层低层形成异常反气旋,导致中国东部雨带北移,秦岭山地和汉江谷地降水偏少,气温偏高,ET往往偏大。研究结果启示：秦岭南北科学适应气候变化时,应关注秦岭山地、汉江谷地ET变化显著相关的环流信号;应深刻理解秦岭高海拔地区蒸散发下降趋势对区域水资源管理的影响。  相似文献   

The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China     

HUANG Lin  NING Jia  ZHU Ping  ZHENG Yuhan  ZHAI Jun 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(4):518-534

Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China,the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration,thereby impacting grassland ecosystem services.This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage,forage supply,and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North China.We then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration,and livestock-carrying pressure.Over the last 16 years,the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km2,with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7％ of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4％ of grasslands.The provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time,with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha,but livestock-carrying pressure also increased continuously.The livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as 3.8.Apart from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau,most regions in North China are currently overloaded.Considering the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season,the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1,with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.Assuming full supplementary feeding in the cold season,livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9,with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau.Finally,we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas,pastoral areas,farming-pastoral ecotone,and farming areas,according to the grassland ecological protection patterns.  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮固沙理论与实践   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

周晓兵  张丙昌  张元明 《中国沙漠》2021,41(1):164-173

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓等孢子植物类群与土壤颗粒形成的有机复合体,在全球干旱区地表广泛分布,是干旱地表生物覆被层的主要构建者。生物土壤结皮是荒漠植物群落演替的先锋类群,能够提高荒漠地表的稳定性,固定碳和氮等营养元素,增加土壤肥力,并在保持土壤水分方面发挥重要作用,因此在干旱区受损地表的生态修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。通过分析组成生物土壤结皮的物种更替与维持其结构的胶结方式转变之间的生态关系,阐释了生物土壤结皮固沙的生物学基础,提出在人工结皮恢复实践中,应选择以本地优势物种（如具鞘微鞘藻、齿肋赤藓和银叶真藓等）为目标种的生态学原则,并通过对目标物种的纯化、培养,完成由实验室至温室的扩繁过程,实现逐级扩大生产,为野外固沙应用提供充足种源。阐述了结皮野外接种恢复的最适物种组成、物理化学方式结合的组合模式,提出应从地表稳定性、土壤养分和结皮物种多样性等方面进行生长状况评估,梳理了中国在结皮人工恢复领域的研究进展和面临的问题与挑战,阐释了利用人工培养生物土壤结皮开展生态修复的应用前景。  相似文献   

厦门下潭尾红树林修复区景观类型与鸟类群落动态     

刘劲涛  黄毓薇  黄智君  林清贤 《湿地科学与管理》2021,(1):23-26

2018年10月—2019年9月调查厦门下潭尾红树林修复区鸟类群落变化,利用遥感图像解译红树林修复区景观格局,为修复区后续景观格局优化与鸟类保护提供技术支持。结果显示:修复区鸟类共有26科62种,鹭类(8种2047只)与鸻鹬类(16种786只)种类及数量较多。春季鸟类种数及数量最多,其中3月鸟类种数最多25种,5月数量最多828只。下潭尾修复区景观格局在低潮位与高潮位存在周期性变化,不同景观鸟类种类及数量有较大差异;鸻鹬类在低潮位时的种类较多但数量较少,高潮位时仅分布于高潮裸露湿地和建设用地。建议修复区增加鸻鹬类高潮停息的滩涂湿地及游禽类生活需要的生态塘区,进一步提高水鸟多样性。  相似文献   

Riparian thermal conditions across a mixed rural and urban landscape     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Riparian corridors have the potential to function as thermal refuges, moderating extremes of local temperature variation. However, although demonstrated at individual sites, and over short periods, the consistency of this effect at wider temporal and spatial scales is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to assess the temperature differences between riparian corridors and adjacent non-riparian habitats and to explore the influence of environmental characteristics on these differences. Air temperature was monitored hourly at 20 paired locations (riparian and non-riparian) for two consecutive years. Urban index and canopy cover were characterised by calculating the percentage of impervious surface area and tree canopy cover within a 100 m radius from the centre of each sampling site. Canopy cover reduced summer thermal stresses in both urban and rural areas whereas high urban index tended to increase the daily thermal indices. Rivers had a significant mitigating effect on the urban riparian thermal condition, particularly in extreme hot weather. Riparian corridors were generally 1 °C cooler than non-riparian locations in summer and could be up to 3 °C cooler at some sites in extreme hot weather. Furthermore, riparian corridors at some sites were warmer than non-riparian locations in winter. These findings suggest that the proximity of rivers can modify riparian thermal environments, potentially reducing the heat stress of riparian corridors across landscapes.  相似文献   

黄土高原植被恢复潜力研究   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

高海东  庞国伟  李占斌  程圣东 《地理学报》2017,72(5):863-874

黄土高原从1999年开始大规模退耕还林（草）,植被覆盖发生了较大变化,对黄土高原植被恢复现状和恢复潜力进行评估具有重要意义。本文使用1999-2013年SPOT VEG NDVI数据,采用线性回归、Hurst指数分析法、统计学方法以及地理空间分析技术,对黄土高原植被恢复状况和潜力进行了探讨。结论主要为：① 1999年退耕还林（草）以来,黄土高原植被覆盖度呈显著上升趋势,黄土高原三分之二地区的植被将会持续改善;② 植被响应曲线分析表明,黄土区植被覆盖度和干旱指数呈显著的指数关系,且缓坡相关性大于陡坡。土石山区植被响应函数为线性函数,相关系数下降;③ 整个黄土高原地区平均植被恢复潜力为69.75%。植被恢复潜力值东南高而西北低,黄土高原东南地区植被恢复状况较好,其植被恢复潜力指数较小,而植被恢复潜力指数较高的地区主要为北方风沙区及西部丘陵沟壑区;④ 不同降水量条件下,植被恢复速度差别显著,其中降水量在375~575 mm之间的地区,植被恢复最快。植被恢复措施应该“因水制宜”,避免因造林带来的土壤干化加剧。研究结果以期为黄土高原生态文明建设提供科学支撑。  相似文献   

Examining the Influence of Positionality in Evaluating Collaborative Progress in Natural Resource Management: Reflections of an Academic and a Practitioner     

Antony S. Cheng  Tammy Randall-Parker 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1168-1178

In this paper, we present a reflexive examination of how and why we, an academic and a practitioner, arrive at different evaluations of collaborative progress in natural resource management. We situate this examination in our long-standing involvement in designing, adaptively managing, and participating in the Uncompahgre Plateau collaborative forest restoration project in western Colorado, USA. Drawing on the concept of “positionality” in qualitative social science research, we disclose our respective motivations, assumptions, roles, and power relative to the collaborative process. The differences in evaluating collaborative progress stem from our respective professional positionality. For the academic, the guiding interest was to test theory and promote success for his applied research institute; for the practitioner, the motivation was to build trust to allow her field staff the flexibility to implement management actions and demonstrate effectiveness as an agency line officer. These epistemological differences draw attention to the importance of transdisciplinary approaches to producing knowledge from shared practice, starting with efforts to explicitly disclose and honor differing interests, assumptions, and frames of reference stemming from each party’s personal and professional biographies and institutional norms. This reflexivity is essential to advancing knowledge about collaboration in natural resource management.  相似文献   

Conflict on the Range: Evaluating Driving Factors of Attitudes Toward Prey Species in Qilianshan     

Casey D. SULLIVAN  CHEN Pengju  Justine Shanti ALEXANDER  BAI Defeng  SHI Kun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(5):554-565

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a global conservation issue of increasing concern, and understanding the factors driving conflict is crucial for preventing or mitigating it. In many parts of China, large human populations and increasing development has led to an escalation in HWC with both carnivore and prey species. In this paper we assess herder attitudes toward blue sheep (Pseudaois nayaur, Hodgson, 1833), white lipped deer (Carvus albirostris, Przewalski, 1883), red deer (Cervus elaphus, Linnaeus, 1758), and marmot (Marmota himalayana Hodgson, 1841) through interview-based surveys conducted in 46 households across 8 villages in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu, China. We also examine the perceived impact of three ecological-restoration policies (anti-grazing, sustainable grazing, and grass-planting policies) on livelihoods, and how this affects attitudes toward wildlife. Herders reported neutral attitudes toward wildlife species in general, but reported negative attitudes towards blue sheep. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that herder attitudes toward the target species varied significantly across villages, but other socioeconomic variables had limited explanatory power for attitudes. Furthermore, we found that while policy implementation was negatively perceived by herders, anti-grazing policy implementation and total policy implementation were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward wildlife, highlighting a potential gap between perceived threats and actual threats. Finally, we show that the leading cause of reported livestock death is preventable disease, alleviation of which may help improve attitudes toward wildlife.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游生态输水及植被恢复遥感监测评价   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

邓铭江 《冰川冻土》2007,29(3):380-386

在干旱区内陆河流域,由于水资源过度开发利用,生态环境退化已成为普遍现象.向断流的河道和生态退化区域实施生态输水,是河流生态系统恢复的基本行为和必然过程.基于向塔里木河下游7次生态输水过程中地表水、地下水、植被恢复等系统监测,并运用卫星遥感技术,对生态输水后植被恢复响应特征指标NDVI(植被指数),进行了系统研究分析,并提出植被相对恢复度的评价方法.  相似文献